Colon Polyps

Colon polyps are small growths that develop on the lining of the large bowel (colon). Many polyps are benign, but some types can slowly develop into colorectal cancer over time. For this reason, polyps are usually removed when found.

Most polyps cause no symptoms and are discovered during colonoscopy. When symptoms do occur, they may include rectal bleeding, mucus in the stool, a change in bowel habits, or iron-deficiency anaemia

Assessment depends on symptoms and risk factors (age, family history, previous polyps, inflammatory bowel disease).

Clinical assessment and history
Blood tests if anaemia or bleeding is suspected
Colonoscopy to directly visualise the colon and identify polyps
Biopsy and/or removal of polyps for histological analysis
In selected cases, CT colonography may be used if colonoscopy is not possible

What to expect

Before Your Surgery

Authorization will be arranged by the rooms or hospital staff if required.
Bowel preparation must be completed as instructed to clean the colon.
A clear liquid diet is usually required the day before the procedure.
Fasting instructions will be provided.
Most chronic medications may be taken unless advised otherwise.
Inform your doctor if you are taking blood-thinning medication.
Diabetic medication instructions will be discussed in advance.

Day of Surgery

Colonoscopy is usually performed under sedation. You will be monitored throughout and observed afterwards until fully awake. If polyps are found, they are often removed during the same procedure.

Procedure

Polyps are usually treated during colonoscopy with endoscopic polypectomy.

A flexible scope is passed through the anus to examine the colon.
Polyps may be removed using a snare, cautery, or biopsy forceps.
Larger flat polyps may require advanced techniques and sometimes staged removal.
Removed tissue is sent for histology to determine the type of polyp and whether there are any pre-cancerous changes.

Complete removal and clear follow-up planning are essential.

Procedure Length

Colonoscopy with polypectomy typically takes 20–60 minutes, depending on the number, size, and type of polyps.

Possible Complications

Abdominal bloating or cramping (common and temporary)
Bleeding (particularly after polyp removal)
Infection (rare)
Perforation (tear) of the bowel (very rare)
Need for repeat procedures if polyps are large or removed in stages
Reaction to sedation
Unintended damage to surrounding structures
Seek urgent medical attention if you develop severe abdominal pain, persistent or heavy bleeding, fever, dizziness, or fainting after the procedure.

Duration of Hospital Stay

This is usually a day procedure, and patients go home the same day. Admission may be required in rare cases if there is significant bleeding or other complications.

Discharge Instructions

Do not drive or operate machinery for 24 hours after sedation.
Start with light meals once fully awake.
Mild bloating is common.
Follow any specific instructions if a large polyp was removed (diet, activity, medication).
Monitor for bleeding, pain, or fever.

Return to Activities

Normal activities can usually resume the following day.
Avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for 24–48 hours, or longer if advised after removal of a large polyp.

Colon Polyps

What to expect

Before Your Surgery

Day of Surgery

Procedure

Procedure Length

Possible Complications

Duration of Hospital Stay

Discharge Instructions

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