Parathyroid growths

Parathyroid dysfunction most commonly presents as hyperparathyroidism, where excessive PTH causes high calcium levels in the blood.

Symptoms may include:

Fatigue and weakness, Bone pain or fractures, Kidney stones, Abdominal pain or constipation, Depression, poor concentration, or memory problems

Less commonly, hypoparathyroidism may occur, usually following neck surgery, and leads to low calcium levels.

Parathyroid growths are usually benign adenomas and are the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Rarely, parathyroid cancer may occur.

Growths may be single or involve multiple glands and often require surgery when symptomatic or associated with significant biochemical abnormalities.

What to expect

Before Your Surgery

Authorization will be arranged by the rooms or hospital staff.
Fasting:
No solid food for 6 hours before surgery
No clear liquids for 2 hours before surgery
Most chronic medications may be taken, except diabetic medication (to be discussed with your doctor).
Inform your doctor if you are taking blood-thinning medication.
Pre-operative blood tests and imaging will be arranged.

Day of Surgery

Parathyroid surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. A small incision is made in the lower neck, often using a minimally invasive approach. Post-operative monitoring focuses on calcium levels and voice changes.

Procedure

Management depends on the severity of disease and investigation findings.

Mild or asymptomatic cases may be monitored.
Symptomatic or biochemically significant disease usually requires parathyroidectomy.
Surgery may involve removal of a single abnormal gland or multiple glands.
Intra-operative hormone monitoring may be used.
All removed tissue is sent for histological analysis.

Procedure Length

Parathyroid surgery typically takes 60–120 minutes, depending on complexity.

Possible Complications

Bleeding or haematoma
Infection
Temporary or permanent low calcium levels
Voice changes due to nerve irritation
Need for calcium or vitamin D supplementation
Unintended damage to surrounding structures
Rarely, persistent or recurrent disease requiring further surgery
Complications are uncommon. Contact the rooms immediately if you experience neck swelling, tingling in the lips or fingers, muscle cramps, voice changes, or fever.

Duration of Hospital Stay

3-5 days

Discharge Instructions

Keep the wound clean and dry.
Take prescribed calcium or vitamin D supplements if advised.
Monitor for symptoms of low calcium (tingling, cramps).
Avoid strenuous activity until cleared by your doctor.

Return to Activities

Light activities may resume within 1–2 weeks.
Avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for 3–4 weeks.

Parathyroid growths

What to expect

Before Your Surgery

Day of Surgery

Procedure

Procedure Length

Possible Complications

Duration of Hospital Stay

Discharge Instructions

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